Thursday, December 22, 2011

greatest sophist to ever live

As some would say, the was Protagoras (481-411 B.C). He became a famous teacher in Athens and became wealthy and powerful. Protagoras concluded that morals are just social traditions of a society. The reason it is right is that it is the best and almost only way to live and be successful in life in Athens.
In Soccio on page 87, “Protagoras predicted a crucial tenet of modern social science: Our values are determined by our culture, our conditioning, our experience, and our particular biopsychology. It is, according to Protagoras, utterly impossible to form a culture-free or context-free belief. For instance, philosophy students born, raised and educated in Moscow, Russia, cannot help but “see” a different world that do those born, raised in Moscow, Idaho.” Rooting from the Greek word, “pragma” pragmatics believe that beliefs are to be interpreted in terms of whether they work or their usefulness. Pragmatic ideas have meaning or truth value to the extent that they produce practical results and are effective in furthinering arms.
Those who do not willingly submit to those in power or depend on a group for clout are represented well by Callicles. His version of moral realism goes by many names including, the doctrine of the superior individual, the true man, the natural man and the superman. These ideas lead to hints of racism. He goes on to say that a person can be superior, but not because of race of any religious back but rather the individual virtues and traits.
Callicles separated what is right by nature from what is right by convention. It is further explained in Soccio on page 93,” Callicles asserts that by nature the strong dominate the weak, whereas conventional morality tries to restrain the superior, strong, truly powerful individual. In nature, the survival of the fittest is the rule. This, said Sophists such as Callicles, shows that power is the ultimate value and that the superior and powerful individual has a natural right to dominate others. All people are no more created equal than all animals are.

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